Ion Mixing of Ti/C and Fe/C Bilayers

simulation and experimental studies for prediction mineral scale formation in oil field during mixing of injection and formation water

abstract: mineral scaling in oil and gas production equipment is one of the most important problem that occurs while water injection and it has been recognized to be a major operational problem. the incompatibility between injected and formation waters may result in inorganic scale precipitation in the equipment and reservoir and then reduction of oil production rate and water injection rate. ...

Bright ion channels and lipid bilayers.

If we look at a simple organism such as a zebrafish under a microscope, we would see many cells working in harmony. If we zoomed in, we would observe each unit performing its own tasks in a special aqueous environment isolated from the other units by a lipid bilayer approximately 5 nm thick. These confined units are social: they communicate with one another by sensing and responding to the chem...

Tracking an ion complexing agent within bilayers

Ion-beam Mixing and Solid-state Reaction

Vapor-deposited Zr-Fe multilayered thin films with various wavelengths and of overall composition either 50% Fe or Fe-rich up to 57 % Fe were either irradiated with 300 keV Kr ions at temperatures from 25K to 623 K to fluences up to 2 x 10l6 cm-2, or simply annealed at 773K in-situ in the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope at Argonne National Laboratory. Under irradiation, the final react...

fabrication of new ion sensitive field effect transistors (isfet) based on modification of junction-fet for analysis of hydronium, potassium and hydrazinium ions

a novel and ultra low cost isfet electrode and measurement system was designed for isfet application and detection of hydronium, hydrazinium and potassium ions. also, a measuring setup containing appropriate circuits, suitable analyzer (advantech board), de noise reduction elements, cooling system and pc was used for controlling the isfet electrode and various characteristic measurements. the t...